Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

“Longevity genes” called sirtuins help you live a longer, healthier life by detecting errors and fixing them.  Sirtuins need NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to function.  We lose NAD in the body as we age.  Nicotinamide mononucleotide (“NMN”) enhances NAD production, helping to keep it at levels usually found in youth.

Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice.  Cell Metabolism. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413116304958             

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues cerebromicrovascular endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses and improves cognitive function in aged mice.  Redox Biology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323171930240X               

The NAD+/Sirtuin pathway modulates longevity through activation of mitochondrial UPR and FOXO signaling.  Cell.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867413007551                

SIRT2 induces the checkpoint kinase BubR1 to increase lifespan.  The EMBO Journal. https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.201386907              

Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice.  Cell metabolism. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413116304958

Resveratrol

Resveratrol is polyphenol in red wine.  Many studies have demonstrated meaningful cardiovascular benefits, improved outcomes for those with Alzheimer’s disease, anticancer properties, antimicrobial effects, skin care benefits and sirtuin activation, specifically SIRT1 which is employed in employed recombinational repair of DNA breaks.

SIRT-3 Modulation by Resveratrol Improves Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Diabetic Heart through Deacetylation of TFAM.  Cells.  https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/7/12/235       

Resveratrol preserves mitochondrial function in a human post-mitotic cell model.  J Nutr Biochem.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30216747

Resveratrol and pinostilbene confer neuroprotection against aging-related deficits through an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. J Nutr Biochem.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29268122

Resveratrol based oral nutritional supplement produces long-term beneficial effects on structure and visual function in human patients.  Nutrients.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25329968             

AMP-activated protein kinase signaling activation by resveratrol modulates amyloid-beta peptide metabolism.  J Biol Chem.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20080969

Berberine

Berberine appears to work by slowing a metabolic pathway that causes inflammation and increasing activity of the AMPK enzyme and its downstream targets, including mTOR and SIRT1 (much like the prescription drug metformin).  It supports healthy blood sugar levels, promotes cardiovascular health and weight loss.

Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes melitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression.  Metabolism Clinical and Experimental.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19800084-berberine-lowers-blood-glucose-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-through-increasing-insulin-receptor-expression/     

Berberine is a novel cholesterol-lowering drug working through a unique mechanism distinct from statins.  Nature.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531889-berberine-is-a-novel-cholesterol-lowering-drug-working-through-a-unique-mechanism-distinct-from-statins/            

Berberine versus placebo for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenoma: a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled studyBerberine versus placebo for the prevention of recurrence of colorectal adenoma: a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled study.  The Lancet.   https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(19)30409-1/fulltext

Efficacy and safety of berberine for congestive heart failure secondarto ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.  American Journal of Cardiology.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12860219-efficacy-and-safety-of-berberine-for-congestive-heart-failure-secondary-to-ischemic-or-idiopathic-dilated-cardiomyopathy/

Fisetin

Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan.EbIoMedicine https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352396418303736

Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice.Aging Cell https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acel.12185

Antioxidant properties of the flavonoid fisetin: An updated review of in vivo and in vitro studies.Trends in Food Science & Technology https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924224417302091

GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae Through β-Catenin Activation.Int J Mol Sci https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31906440/

Exploring the molecular targets of dietary flavonoid fisetin in cancer.Seminars in Cancer Biology https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1044579X16300128

Vitamin D

Vitamin D regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, facilitates a normal immune system, promotes cardiovascular health, supports weight loss, and regulates insulin levels which supports diabetes prevention and management.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Protects Against Age-Related Osteoporosis by a Novel VDR-Ezh2-p16 Signal Axis.  Aging cell. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31880094           

Vitamin D deficiency accelerates ageing and age-related diseases: a novel hypothesis.  J Physiol.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949008           

Vitamin D levels correlate with lymphocyte subsets in elderly patients with age-related diseases.  Sci Rep. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29769621

Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 help regulate blood clotting, bone metabolism, and blood calcium levels.  It protects against cancer, may suppress genetic processes that lead to tumor growth, helps normalize blood glucose, and reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Dietary Intake of Vitamin K and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Heidelberg Cohort of the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg).  Am J Clin Nutr.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18400723-dietary-intake-of-vitamin-k-and-risk-of-prostate-cancer-in-the-heidelberg-cohort-of-the-european-prospective-investigation-into-cancer-and-nutrition-epic-heidelberg/             

Does Vitamin K2 Play a Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis for Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.  Osteoporos Int. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25516361-does-vitamin-k2-play-a-role-in-the-prevention-and-treatment-of-osteoporosis-for-postmenopausal-women-a-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials/

Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Damage of Blood Vessels by Glucocorticoid: A Potential Mechanism for Its Protective Effects in Glucocorticoid-induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in a Rat Model.  Int J Biol Sci.                 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27313492-vitamin-k2-ameliorates-damage-of-blood-vessels-by-glucocorticoid-a-potential-mechanism-for-its-protective-effects-in-glucocorticoid-induced-osteonecrosis-of-the-femoral-head-in-a-rat-model/